Exposing Fragment Identifiers

ABSTRACT

A method for exposing fragment identifiers within an information resource method includes receiving a markup language document of an information resource. The information resource is a web page. The method includes identifying a fragment identifier within the markup language document and a location within the information resource corresponding to the fragment identifier. The method includes receiving an input selection to open a context menu at the location within the information resource corresponding to the fragment identifier. The method includes presenting the information resource and an indication of the location within the information resource corresponding to the fragment identifier. The indication of the location within the information resource corresponding to the fragment identifier includes a selectable element.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of web browsing,and more particularly to identifying and exposing fragment identifiersto users.

A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, andnavigating information resources on the World Wide Web. An informationresource may be a web document, image, video, or other piece of contentor collection of content. Information resources are described with amarkup language, the most common of which is Hypertext Markup Language(HTML). A web browser interprets the markup language documents andconverts the markup language document to visible and/or audible webpages.

Web browsers are able to identify an information resource by receiving aUniform Resource Identifier (URI). A URI is a string of charactersunique to a particular information resource. A user may wish to utilizea bookmark to access a specific information resource. In the context ofweb browsers, a bookmark is a URI that is stored for later retrieval inany of various storage formats. Many modern web browsers include abookmark feature. Bookmarks are often referred to as “favorites” or“internet shortcuts” within a web browser.

Within an information resource's markup language document there may beshort strings of characters called fragment identifiers that identifyspecific sections within the information resource. A fragment identifiermay be appended to the information resource's URI by following the URIstring with a hash mark (#), which is then followed by the fragmentidentifier string.

SUMMARY

A method for exposing fragment identifiers within an informationresource method includes receiving a markup language document of aninformation resource. The information resource is a web page. The methodincludes identifying a fragment identifier within the markup languagedocument and a location within the information resource corresponding tothe fragment identifier. The method includes receiving an inputselection to open a context menu at the location within the informationresource corresponding to the fragment identifier. The method includespresenting the information resource and an indication of the locationwithin the information resource corresponding to the fragmentidentifier. The indication of the location within the informationresource corresponding to the fragment identifier includes a selectableelement. The selectable element is operative to bookmark a uniformresource identifier associated with the fragment identifier. Presentingthe information resource and an indication of the location within theinformation resource corresponding to the fragment identifier includespresenting the context menu. The context menu contains at least anoption to store a uniform resource identifier (URI) associated with thefragment identifier. The indication of the location within theinformation resource corresponding to the fragment identifier includesan alteration of appearance of the location within the informationresource corresponding to the fragment identifier.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating a distributed dataprocessing environment, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart depicting operational steps of a fragmentidentifier program executing within the data processing environment ofFIG. 1, for identifying and exposing fragment identifiers of aninformation resource, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 is an example graphical user interface illustrating the output ofa fragment identifier program within a web browser, in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of components of the server and client of FIG.1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A web browser is able to identify an information resource when the webbrowser receives that information resource's uniform resource identifier(URI). An information resource's markup language document may containfragment identifiers. A fragment identifier is a string of charactersthat refer to a section within an information resource, such as aspecific paragraph, a specific section, an image, a video, a timestampwithin a video, a hyperlink, or any other separate section within a webdocument. If an information resource's markup language (e.g., HyperTextMarkup Language (HTML)) has fragment identifiers, the fragmentidentifiers may be appended to the information resource's URI byfollowing the URI string with a hash mark (#), which is then followed bythe fragment identifier. For example,www.website.com/article#fragment_identifier. Such a combined string oftext (a URI followed by a hash mark followed by a fragment identifier)is hereinafter referred to as a fragment resource identifier. If a webbrowser receives such a fragment resource identifier, the web browserwill navigate to the specific section of the information resource thatcorresponds to the fragment identifier. Embodiments of the presentinvention recognize that current web browsers do not make users aware ofthe location or existence of fragment identifiers within an informationresource, although the information resource may be designed to do so(e.g., a web designer including a “table of contents” section).Embodiments of the present invention would allow web browsers to exposeexisting fragment identifiers to users, such that users are able tonavigate and re-navigate to a specific section or element within aninformation resource.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference tothe Figures. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating adistributed data processing environment, generally designated 100, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Data processingenvironment 100 includes client 120 and server 130 interconnected overnetwork 110. Network 110 is a medium used to provide communication linksbetween various devices and computers connected within network dataprocessing environment 100. Network 110 may be a local area network(LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, any combinationthereof, or any combination of connections and protocols that willsupport communications between server 130 and client 120, in accordancewith embodiments of the invention. Network 110 may include connectionssuch as wire, wireless, communication links, or fiber optic cables. Dataprocessing environment 100 may include additional servers, clients,information resources, and other devices not illustrated.

Server 130 may be a management server, a web server, or any otherelectronic device or computing system capable of processing programinstructions and receiving and sending data. In some embodiments, server130 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, personal computer (PC),desktop computer, or any programmable electronic device capable ofcommunicating with client 120 via network 110. In other embodiments,server 130 may represent a server computing system utilizing multiplecomputers as a server system, such as in a cloud computing environment.In another embodiment, server 130 represents a computing systemutilizing clustered computers and components to act as a single pool ofseamless resources. Server 130 includes information resource 160. Inother embodiments, server 130 may include additional informationresources not shown. Server 130 may include components, as depicted anddescribed in further detail with respect to FIG. 4.

Information resource 160 may be any web page, image, video, or otherpiece of information content accessible to other computing devices, suchas client 120, by a web browser over network 110. Information resource160 is described by a markup language (e.g., HTML) and may include oneor more fragment identifiers within the markup language description.Information resource 160 may be accessible by a uniform resource locator(URL) or other URI assigned to information resource 160. In oneembodiment, information resource 160 resides on server 130. In otherembodiments, information resource 160 may reside on another server oranother computing device, provided that information resource 160 isaccessible to web browser 140 and fragment identifier program 150.

Client computing device 120 may be, for example, a personal computer,desktop computer, laptop computer, netbook computer, tablet computer,personal digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, or other computationand/or communication device. In general client 120 may be any electronicdevice or computing system capable of processing program instructionsand sending and receiving data information and communicating with server130 over network 110. Client 120 contains web browser 140 and fragmentidentifier program 150. Client 120 may include components, as depictedand described in further detail with respect to FIG. 4.

Web browser 140 may be a generic web browser used to retrieve, present,and traverse information resources on the Internet. Web browser 140 islocated in client 120. In general, web browser 140 may be any softwareapplication that enables a user at client 120 to access informationresource 160 over network 110. Web browser 140 identifies informationresource 160 by information resource 160's uniform resource identifier(URI). In some embodiments, web browser 140 accesses informationresource 160, which may be described by a markup language document orfile. In such an embodiment, web browser 140 interprets the markuplanguage document with a software platform and displays informationresource 160 to a user accessing information resource 160 at client 120.

Fragment identifier program 150 operates to identify and expose fragmentidentifiers located within information resource 160 and/or additionalinformation resources (not shown). Information resource 160's markuplanguage document may contain one or more fragment identifiers. Fragmentidentifiers are short strings of characters within an informationresource's markup language document that reference a specific section orother element within information resource 160 (e.g., a specificparagraph of a web document). In one embodiment fragment identifierprogram 150 is a function of web browser 140. In another embodimentfragment identifier program 150 is a separate software applicationcapable of communicating with web browser 140. In the depictedembodiment, fragment identifier program 150 resides on client 120. Inother embodiments, fragment identifier program 150 may reside on anothercomputing device, provided fragment identifier program 150 is capable ofaccessing information resource 160 and web browser 140, and providedfragment identifier program 150 is accessible to web browser 140. FIG. 1is intended merely as one example and not as an architectural limitationfor the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a fragment identifier program 150,executing within the data processing environment of FIG. 1, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fragmentidentifier program 150 operates to identify and expose fragmentidentifiers present within the markup language document of informationresource 160, in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

In one embodiment, initially, a web developer or other user may createinformation resource 160. Information resource 160 may be, for example,a web page, web site, image, video, or other type of informationcontent. In some embodiments, fragment identifier program 150 isinitiated when web browser 140 navigates to information resource 160. Inanother embodiment fragment identifier program 150 may be initiated whenweb browser 140 is prompted.

In step 200, fragment identifier program 150 receives informationresource 160's user information resource (URI). In some embodiments,information resource 160's URI is a web address, such as a URL. In someembodiments, web browser 140 may receive information resource 160's URIfrom a user, such as when a user inputs a URI into the address bar ofweb browser 140. In other embodiments, web browser 140 receivesinformation resource 160's URI from a different information resource oranother outside source, such as, for example, by following a hyperlinkat a first information resource to the URI associated with informationresource 160.

In step 210, fragment identifier program 150 retrieves the markuplanguage document that describes information resource 160 from server130, via network 110. Web browser 140 uses information resource 160'sURI to identify and retrieve the markup language document from server130 via network 110. Web browser 140 uses instructions located withininformation resource 160's markup language document to take actions andarrange or otherwise present information resource 160.

In step 220, fragment identifier program 150 identifies fragmentidentifiers in information resource 160's markup language document. Afragment identifier is a string of characters that refers to a sectionwithin an information resource, such as a specific paragraph, a specificsection, an image, a video, a timestamp within a video, a hyperlink, orany other separate section or element within an information resource.If, for example, information resource 160's markup language is in HTML,information resource's HTML may include the string“id=“second_paragraph””. This string identifies a section withininformation resource 160 associated with the fragment identifier“id=“second_paragraph””. In this example the section within informationresource 160 is the second paragraph, as denoted by the fragmentidentifier “second paragraph.” The syntax and description of fragmentidentifiers may be dependent upon the markup language used to describeinformation resource 160. In some embodiments information resource 160may not have any fragment identifiers. In other embodiments informationresource 160 may have one or more fragment identifiers. In someembodiments fragment identifier program 150 will parse throughinformation 160's markup language document to determine if informationresource 160 contains fragment identifiers.

In some embodiments, fragment identifier program 150 parses throughinformation resource 160's markup language to identify fragmentidentifiers. In some embodiments web browser 140 may perform a queryexpression in the web browser's scripting language (e.g., JavaScript'sjQuery: $(“[id], [name]”)) to identify fragment identifiers within thescripting language. In other embodiments fragment identifier program 150may identify fragment identifiers within information resource 160according to another known manner.

In decision 230, fragment identifier program 150 determines if there arefragment identifiers within information resource 160's markup languagedocument. If fragment identifier program 150 determines that there arefragment identifiers within information resource 160's markup languagedocument (yes branch, decision 230), fragment identifier program 150formats fragment identifiers for display (see step 250). If fragmentidentifier program 150 determines that there are not fragmentidentifiers within information resource 160's markup language document(no branch, decision 230), fragment identifier program 150 formats anddisplays the information resource for display (see step 270). Webbrowser 140 uses instructions within information resource 160's markuplanguage to format information resource 160 for display.

In step 250, fragment identifier program 150 formats indications offragment identifier(s) for display on web browser 140 to a user. In oneembodiment, fragment identifier program 150 may append a horizontalline, or other indicator, alongside or on web browser 140's vertical orhorizontal scroll bar and coplanar to the sections within informationresource 160 that are associated with a fragment identifier. In anotherembodiment, fragment identifier program 150 may activate a right clickfeature within web browser 140 such that if a user right clicks orperforms another action, a pop-up menu or other context menu willindicate that information resource 160 has fragment identifiers (e.g.,text of symbols specifying “copy link to this section” indicating that auser may copy the link to a clipboard or “bookmark to this section”indicating that a user may store this section in web browser 140). Inanother embodiment, fragment identifier program 150 may append ahyperlink onto the web document indicating that information resource 160has fragment identifiers at the beginning of each identifiable section.In still another embodiment, fragment identifier program 150 may appenda graphical user interface (GUI) that allows a user to take action, suchas copy the fragment identifier to a clipboard or command web browser tosave the fragment identifier as a bookmark. In still another embodiment,fragment identifier program 150 may alter the appearance of the locationwithin information resource 160 corresponding to the fragment identifier(e.g., highlighting different sections or changing background colors).Fragment identifier program 150 may also format fragment identifiers fordisplay in other ways, provided fragment identifier program 150 alertsor otherwise indicates to a user, sections, or elements associated withfragment identifiers. In some embodiments, fragment identifier program150 is customizable such that a user can select preferences that willcause web browser 140, fragment identifier program 150, and/or someother program to display fragment identifiers according to the selectedpreferences of the user.

In step 260, fragment identifier program 150 displays informationresource 160 and the fragment identifiers as formatted (see step 250).In one embodiment, fragment identifier program 150 uses web browser140's scripting language to display fragment identifiers to a user.Fragment identifier program 150 may cause web browser 140's scriptinglanguage to interpret information resource 160's markup language, followthe markup language's formatting instructions, display informationresource 160 (e.g., a web document, image, or video), and to display thefragment identifiers and information resource 160 to a user such as auser at client 120.

In step 270, fragment identifier program 150 causes web browser 140 toutilize web browser 140's scripting language to interpret informationresource 160's markup language, follow the markup language's formattinginstructions, and display information resource 160 (e.g., a webdocument, image, or video).

FIG. 3 is an illustrative graphical user interface (GUI) for aninformation resource as accessed by a web browser and a fragmentidentifier program, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. Web browser window 305 may be a GUI window for informationresource 160 of server 130 as viewed by a user at client 120 using webbrowser 140.

FIG. 3 depicts web browser window 305, as generated by web browser 140,and displays information resource 160 as instructed by informationresource 160's markup language document. Web browser window 305 furtherincludes example GUI elements generated by fragment identifier program150 that expose fragment identifiers to a user. In the depicted example,information resource 160 is a web page. In the depicted example, URI 360is the URI associated with information resource 160. URI 360 is depictedas the uniform resource locator (URL) within address bar 300.

Web browser window 305 displays website title 335 and two sections,section 340 and section 350. Web browser 140 displays section 340 and350 as having the headings “Section A” and “Section B”, respectively.Section 340 is a first section within information resource 160 that hasan associated fragment identifier in information resource 160′s markuplanguage document. Section 350 is a second section within informationresource 160 that has an associated fragment identifier in informationresource 160's markup language document.

In one embodiment of the present invention, web browser 140 usesscrollbar 370 to display fragment identifier locations, identified byfragment identifier program 150, to the user. A scrollbar is a GUI thatallows a user to scroll through an information resource. Scrolling issliding text, images, or videos across web browser 140 vertically orhorizontally. Scrolling does not typically change the layout of theinformation resource but allows the user's view of the informationresource 160 on web browser 140 to move across what is apparently alarger image that is not wholly seen on the attached display device.

FIG. 3 illustrates a vertical scrollbar 370. Located on scrollbar 370are two horizontal indicator bars: horizontal indicator bar 320 andhorizontal indicator bar 330. In one embodiment, fragment identifierprogram 150 will cause web browser 140 to generate horizontal indicatorbars 320 and 330 to visually illustrate the sections of informationresource 160 associated with fragment identifiers. Horizontal indicatorbar 320 corresponds to section 340. In the depicted example, horizontalindicator bar 330 corresponds to section 350. In the depictedembodiment, both bars are visually level with their correspondingsection and provide a visual indicator that fragment identifiers arepresent in information resource 160's markup language document. Inanother embodiment, horizontal indicator bar 320 and horizontalindicator bar 330 may expand vertically based on the length of thesection associated with the fragment identifier. In yet anotherembodiment, each horizontal indicator bar (e.g., horizontal indicatorbar 320 and horizontal indicator bar 330) may be a separate color or maybe identified by separate visual patterns. In such an embodiment,separate colors may avoid confusion in user interpretation if twosections associated with separate fragment identifiers are located closeto one another. In one embodiment (not shown), fragment identifierprogram 150 will cause web browser 140 to change the background color,font, or another aspect of the location specified by the associatedfragment identifier in order to highlight or otherwise identify thelocation. In such an embodiment, each location specified by anassociated fragment identifier may appear different with respect toother locations associated with other fragment identifiers (e.g., aunique background is used for each location associated with a fragmentidentifier).

In some embodiments, web browser 140 has a bookmark feature. A bookmarkis a URI that is stored for later retrieval, such as for easy access toa frequently visited web page or other information resource. In thedepicted embodiment, bookmark icons 310 and 315 appear below address bar300. When one of web browser 140's bookmark icons (e.g., bookmark icon310 or bookmark icon 315) is selected, web browser 140 retrieves thestored URI and navigates to an information resource corresponding to theselected bookmark. In some embodiments of the present invention,fragment identifier program 150 generates bookmarking icon 360.Bookmarking icon 360 is a selectable element that corresponds to section340. If a user selects bookmarking icon 360, web browser 140 storessection 340's fragment resource identifier as a bookmark within webbrowser 140. Web browser 140 may then generate a bookmark icon similarto bookmark icons 310 and 315 or alternatively store the bookmark withina menu (not shown). In such an example, if the generated bookmark icon,similar to bookmark icons 310 and 315, were to be selected, web browser140 will retrieve section 340's fragment resource identifier andnavigate to section 340 within information resource 160. If a user wereto select bookmarking icon 380, web browser 140 may follow a similarprocess, corresponding to section 350.

In another embodiment of the present invention, fragment identifierprogram 150 appends copying hyperlink icon 375 and copying hyperlinkicon 390 to information resource 160. Copying hyperlink icon 375 is aselectable element that allows a user to copy the URI corresponding tosection 340 and its fragment identifier. Copying hyperlink icon 390 is aselectable element that similarly corresponds to section 350 and itsfragment identifier. In some embodiments, web browser 140 will allow auser to copy the fragment resource identifier to a clipboard if the userselects a particular copying hyperlink icon (e.g., copying hyperlinkicon 375 or copying hyperlink icon 390). This may allow the user topaste the fragment resource identifier to another location, email thefragment resource identifier, or perform other actions with the fragmentresource identifier. In some embodiments of the present invention,fragment identifier program 150 may cause web browser 140 to generateadditional types of indicators identifying and/or exposing fragmentidentifiers associated with an information resource, such as informationresource 160. In some embodiments, fragment identifier program 150 maycause varying combinations of the previously described indicators to bepresented to a user.

FIG. 3 depicts several example GUIs displayed within web browser 140.FIG. 3 is meant to illustrate example GUIs that embodiments of thepresent invention may cause to be presented within a web browser, suchas web browser 140. Fragment identifier program 150 may use other GUIs(not shown) to expose fragment identifiers to a user. Further,embodiments of the present invention recognize that fragment identifierprogram 150 may cause fragment identifiers to be exposed to a useroutside of web browser 140. For example, fragment identifier program 150may cause a separate pop-up window, or other web browser window or menuto be displayed to a user exposing, alerting or otherwise identifying auser as to the existence and/or location within information resource 160of identified fragment identifiers. FIG. 3 is intended as anillustrative example and not as an architectural limitation for thepresent invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of components of server computer 130, inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Itshould be appreciated that FIG. 4 provides only an illustration of oneimplementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to theenvironments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Manymodifications to the depicted environment may be made.

Server computer 130 includes communications fabric 402, which providescommunications between computer processor(s) 404, memory 406, persistentstorage 408, communications unit 410, and input/output (I/O)interface(s) 412. Communications fabric 402 can be implemented with anyarchitecture designed for passing data and/or control informationbetween processors (such as microprocessors, communications and networkprocessors, etc.), system memory, peripheral devices, and any otherhardware components within a system. For example, communications fabric402 can be implemented with one or more buses.

Memory 406 and persistent storage 408 are computer readable storagemedia. In this embodiment, memory 406 includes random access memory(RAM) 414 and cache memory 416. In general, memory 406 can include anysuitable volatile or non-volatile computer readable storage media.

Web browser 140 and fragment identifier program 150 are stored inpersistent storage 408 of client 120 for execution by one or more of therespective computer processors 404 of client 120 via one or morememories of memory 406 of client 120. Information resource 160 is storedin persistent storage 408 of server 130 for execution by one or more ofthe respective computer processors 404 of server 130 via one or morememories of memory 406 of client 120. In this embodiment, persistentstorage 408 includes a magnetic hard disk drive. Alternatively, or inaddition to a magnetic hard disk drive, persistent storage 408 caninclude a solid state hard drive, a semiconductor storage device,read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),flash memory, or any other computer readable storage media that iscapable of storing program instructions or digital information.

The media used by persistent storage 408 may also be removable. Forexample, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 408.Other examples include optical and magnetic disks, thumb drives, andsmart cards that are inserted into a drive for transfer onto anothercomputer readable storage medium that is also part of persistent storage408.

Communications unit 410, in these examples, provides for communicationswith other data processing systems or devices. In these examples,communications unit 410 includes one or more network interface cards.Communications unit 410 may provide communications through the use ofeither or both physical and wireless communications links. Web browser140 and fragment identifier program 150 may be downloaded to persistentstorage 408 of client 120 through communications unit 410 of client 120.Information resource 160 may be downloaded to persistent storage 408 ofserver 130 through communications unit 410 of server 130.

I/O interface(s) 412 allows for input and output of data with otherdevices that may be connected to client 120 and server 130. For example,I/O interface 412 may provide a connection to external devices 418 suchas a keyboard, keypad, a touch screen, and/or some other suitable inputdevice. External devices 418 can also include portable computer readablestorage media such as, for example, thumb drives, portable optical ormagnetic disks, and memory cards. Software and data used to practiceembodiments of the present invention, e.g., web browser 140 and fragmentidentifier program 150, can be stored on such portable computer readablestorage media and can be loaded onto persistent storage 408 of client120 via I/O interface(s) 412 of client 120. Software and data used topractice embodiments of the present invention, e.g., informationresource 160, can be stored on such portable computer readable storagemedia and can be loaded onto persistent storage 408 of server 130 viaI/O interface(s) 412 of server 130. I/O interface(s) 412 also connect toa display 420.

Display 420 provides a mechanism to display data to a user and may be,for example, a computer monitor.

The programs described herein are identified based upon the applicationfor which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of theinvention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular programnomenclature herein is used merely for convenience, and thus theinvention should not be limited to use solely in any specificapplication identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles ofthe embodiment, the practical application or technical improvement overtechnologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for exposing fragment identifiers withinan information resource method comprising: receiving, by one or moreprocessors, a markup language document of an information resource,wherein the information resource is a web page; identifying, by one ormore processors, a fragment identifier within the markup languagedocument and a location within the information resource corresponding tothe fragment identifier; receiving, by one or more processors, an inputselection to open a context menu at the location within the informationresource corresponding to the fragment identifier; and presenting, byone or more processors, the information resource and an indication ofthe location within the information resource corresponding to thefragment identifier, the indication of the location within theinformation resource corresponding to the fragment identifier comprisinga selectable element, wherein the selectable element is operative tobookmark a uniform resource identifier associated with the fragmentidentifier, wherein presenting the information resource and anindication of the location within the information resource correspondingto the fragment identifier comprises presenting the context menu,wherein the context menu contains at least an option to store a uniformresource identifier (URI) associated with the fragment identifier,wherein the indication of the location within the information resourcecorresponding to the fragment identifier comprises an alteration ofappearance of the location within the information resource correspondingto the fragment identifier.